長期施肥處理對東北黑土細菌多樣性和群落結構的影響
首發時間:2023-10-26
摘要:施肥是提高作物產量、保持土壤肥力的主要措施,但長期氮磷施肥處理對黑土細菌群落結構的影響還未有定論?;?0年的長期氮磷定位試驗,本研究利用高通量測序的方法,對比分析了未施肥處理(CK)、氮肥處理(N)、磷肥處理(P)和氮磷處理(NP)下黑土土壤細菌群落的差異。結果表明:不同施肥處理間黑土土壤細菌優勢類群分別為放線菌門(30.05~34.78%)、變形菌門(14.23~24.17%)、酸桿菌門(14.93~21.07%)和綠彎菌門(12.36~17.14%),氮的輸入(N和NP處理)顯著增加了變形菌門而降低了酸桿菌門的相對豐度。不同施肥處理未顯著改變土壤細菌香農指數,而主成分分析發現不同施肥處理間土壤細菌類群群落結構有顯著差異,NP和N處理細菌群落結構與CK和P處理顯著分開。隨機森林分析發現土壤pH、銨態氮、硝態氮和可溶性有機氮是影響細菌群落結構的主要因子??梢?,長期氮磷施肥處理通過影響土壤性質而對土壤細菌群落產生了重要的影響。研究結果為建立科學合理的施肥制度提供了理論依據。
關鍵詞: 氮肥 磷肥; 細菌群落; 土壤酸化; 黑土; 長期定位實驗
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Effect of long-term fertilization on black soil bacteria community diversity and structure in Northeast China
Abstract:Fertilization is one of the main practices to increase crop yield and maintain soil fertility, while the impact of long-term input of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers on bacterial community structure in black soil is still unclear. Based on the high-throughput sequencing technique, comparison analysis of bacteria communities was carried out on a 40-year old long-term nitrogen and phosphorus experiment in black soil with four treatments: no fertilization (CK), nitrogen fertilizer (N), phosphorus fertilizer (P), and combination of nitrogen and phosphorus (NP). The results showed that the dominant bacterial groups in black soil were Actinobacteriota (30.05-34.78%), Proteobacteria (14.23-24.17%), Acidobacteriota (14.93-21.07%), and Chloroflexi (12.36-17.14%). nitrogen input (N and NP treatments) significantly increased the Proteobacteria while decreased the relative abundance of Actinobacteriota. Different fertilization treatments did not significantly affect soil bacterial Shannon index, while principal component analysis showed significant differences in soil bacterial community structure among treatments. The bacterial community structure of NP and N treatments was clearly separated from that of CK and P treatments. Random forest analysis found that soil properties including pH, ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, and dissolved organic nitrogen were the main influencing factors shaping soil bacterial community structure. These findings suggested that long-term nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization addition has a significant impact on soil bacteria communities via affecting soil properties, providing basic information for establishing practical fertilization system.
Keywords: nitrogen fertilization phosphorus fertilization bacteria community soil acidification black soil long-term fertilization experiment
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